How Long to Read IMF Fossil Fuel Subsidies Data: 2023 Update
By Mr. Simon Black
How Long Does it Take to Read IMF Fossil Fuel Subsidies Data: 2023 Update?
It takes the average reader and 32 minutes to read IMF Fossil Fuel Subsidies Data: 2023 Update by Mr. Simon Black
Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more
Description
This paper provides a comprehensive global, regional, and country-level update of: (i) efficient fossil fuel prices to reflect supply and environmental costs; and (ii) subsidies implied by charging below efficient fuel prices. Globally, fossil fuel subsidies were $7 trillion in 2022 or 7.1 percent of GDP. Explicit subsidies (undercharging for supply costs) have more than doubled since 2020 but are still only 18 percent of the total subsidy, while nearly 60 percent is due to undercharging for global warming and local air pollution. Differences between efficient prices and retail fuel prices are large and pervasive, for example, 80 percent of global coal consumption was priced at below half of its efficient level in 2022. Full fossil fuel price reform would reduce global carbon dioxide emissions to an estimated 43 percent below baseline levels in 2030 (in line with keeping global warming to 1.5-2oC), while raising revenues worth 3.6 percent of global GDP and preventing 1.6 million local air pollution deaths per year. Accompanying spreadsheets provide detailed results for 170 countries.
How long is IMF Fossil Fuel Subsidies Data: 2023 Update?
IMF Fossil Fuel Subsidies Data: 2023 Update by Mr. Simon Black is 32 pages long, and a total of 8,064 words.
This makes it 11% the length of the average book. It also has 10% more words than the average book.
How Long Does it Take to Read IMF Fossil Fuel Subsidies Data: 2023 Update Aloud?
The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 44 minutes to read IMF Fossil Fuel Subsidies Data: 2023 Update aloud.
What Reading Level is IMF Fossil Fuel Subsidies Data: 2023 Update?
IMF Fossil Fuel Subsidies Data: 2023 Update is suitable for students ages 8 and up.
Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.
When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.
Where Can I Buy IMF Fossil Fuel Subsidies Data: 2023 Update?
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