How Long to Read International Commodity Price Shocks, Democracy, and External Debt
By Markus Bruckner
How Long Does it Take to Read International Commodity Price Shocks, Democracy, and External Debt?
It takes the average reader and 25 minutes to read International Commodity Price Shocks, Democracy, and External Debt by Markus Bruckner
Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more
Description
We examine the effects that international commodity price shocks have on external debt using panel data for a world sample of 93 countries spanning the period 1970-2007. Our main finding is that positive commodity price shocks lead to a significant reduction in the level of external debt in democracies, but to no significant reduction in the level of external debt in autocracies. To explain this result, we show that positive commodity price shocks lead to a statistically significant and quantitatively large increase in total government expenditures in autocracies. In democracies on the other hand government expenditures did not increase significantly. We also document that following positive windfalls from international commodity price shocks the risk of default on external debt decreased in democracies, but increased significantly in autocracies.
How long is International Commodity Price Shocks, Democracy, and External Debt?
International Commodity Price Shocks, Democracy, and External Debt by Markus Bruckner is 25 pages long, and a total of 6,375 words.
This makes it 8% the length of the average book. It also has 8% more words than the average book.
How Long Does it Take to Read International Commodity Price Shocks, Democracy, and External Debt Aloud?
The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 34 minutes to read International Commodity Price Shocks, Democracy, and External Debt aloud.
What Reading Level is International Commodity Price Shocks, Democracy, and External Debt?
International Commodity Price Shocks, Democracy, and External Debt is suitable for students ages 8 and up.
Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.
When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.
Where Can I Buy International Commodity Price Shocks, Democracy, and External Debt?
International Commodity Price Shocks, Democracy, and External Debt by Markus Bruckner is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.
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