How Long to Read Long-Run Biological Interest Rate for Pay-As-You-Go Pensions in Advanced and Developing Countries

How Long Does it Take to Read Long-Run Biological Interest Rate for Pay-As-You-Go Pensions in Advanced and Developing Countries?

It takes the average reader and 26 minutes to read Long-Run Biological Interest Rate for Pay-As-You-Go Pensions in Advanced and Developing Countries by Mr.Masahiro Nozaki

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

How much of an internal rate of return would a sustainable pay-as-you-go pension system offer current and future generations equally? The answer is the sum of the Long-Run Biological Interest Rates (LBIR), the real-world equivalent of Samuelson’s (1958) biological interest rate, and future productivity growth. Reflecting global population ageing, the median LBIR across 172 countries is as low as 1 percent per year. The LBIRs are particularly low in advanced countries, estimated to be negative in many of them, and require ample financial reserves today or future productivity growth to maintain participation in pension schemes. On the other hand, the LBIRs in less developed regions, such as in sub-Saharan Africa, are relatively high, indicating a potential to use a pay-as-you-go scheme to expand the coverage of public pensions. Raising the retirement age by five years brings up the LBIR by 40 basis points, significantly improving the long-run budget constraint of a pension scheme.

How long is Long-Run Biological Interest Rate for Pay-As-You-Go Pensions in Advanced and Developing Countries?

Long-Run Biological Interest Rate for Pay-As-You-Go Pensions in Advanced and Developing Countries by Mr.Masahiro Nozaki is 26 pages long, and a total of 6,656 words.

This makes it 9% the length of the average book. It also has 8% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Long-Run Biological Interest Rate for Pay-As-You-Go Pensions in Advanced and Developing Countries Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 36 minutes to read Long-Run Biological Interest Rate for Pay-As-You-Go Pensions in Advanced and Developing Countries aloud.

What Reading Level is Long-Run Biological Interest Rate for Pay-As-You-Go Pensions in Advanced and Developing Countries?

Long-Run Biological Interest Rate for Pay-As-You-Go Pensions in Advanced and Developing Countries is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Long-Run Biological Interest Rate for Pay-As-You-Go Pensions in Advanced and Developing Countries?

Long-Run Biological Interest Rate for Pay-As-You-Go Pensions in Advanced and Developing Countries by Mr.Masahiro Nozaki is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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