How Long to Read Signaling Mechanisms of Oxygen and Nitrogen Free Radicals

How Long Does it Take to Read Signaling Mechanisms of Oxygen and Nitrogen Free Radicals?

It takes the average reader 3 hours and 40 minutes to read Signaling Mechanisms of Oxygen and Nitrogen Free Radicals by Igor B. Afanas'ev

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Once the existence of free radicals was proven, an avalanche of studies on free radical-mediated biological processes ensued. The study of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) is center stage in biological free radical investigations. Written by a biochemist, Signaling Mechanisms of Oxygen and Nitrogen Free Radicals discusses the regulatory functions of ROS and RNS in physiological and pathophysiological states. An exploration of the main questions of signaling mechanisms of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in enzymatic processes, this book draws attention to the chemical mechanisms of these reactions. It elucidates the differences between signaling functions and damaging effects of ROS and RNS in biological systems. The text also covers free radical signaling processes catalyzed by enzymes, producers of superoxide and nitric oxide that are able to use produced ROS and RNS as signaling species in their own catalytic processes. It then examines ROS and RNS signaling produced by mitochondrial enzymes. The author explores signaling functions of ROS and RNS in enzymatic heterolytic reactions, supplying important data on ROS and RNS signaling in the catalysis by the enzymes which do not produce free radicals by themselves. He provides information on signaling by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in apoptosis and aging/senescence and concludes with coverage of mechanisms of free radical signaling in enzymatic processes. The book provides new understanding of signaling functions in living organisms related to cardiovascular processes, cancer, inflammation, hereditary diseases, and their regulation of physiological functions such as development, aging, and senescence. This information can support the development of new drugs and novel treatment methods.

How long is Signaling Mechanisms of Oxygen and Nitrogen Free Radicals?

Signaling Mechanisms of Oxygen and Nitrogen Free Radicals by Igor B. Afanas'ev is 220 pages long, and a total of 55,000 words.

This makes it 74% the length of the average book. It also has 67% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Signaling Mechanisms of Oxygen and Nitrogen Free Radicals Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 5 hours to read Signaling Mechanisms of Oxygen and Nitrogen Free Radicals aloud.

What Reading Level is Signaling Mechanisms of Oxygen and Nitrogen Free Radicals?

Signaling Mechanisms of Oxygen and Nitrogen Free Radicals is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Signaling Mechanisms of Oxygen and Nitrogen Free Radicals?

Signaling Mechanisms of Oxygen and Nitrogen Free Radicals by Igor B. Afanas'ev is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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