How Long to Read The microbial ferrous wheel: iron cycling in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments

How Long Does it Take to Read The microbial ferrous wheel: iron cycling in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments?

It takes the average reader 3 hours and 43 minutes to read The microbial ferrous wheel: iron cycling in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments by David Emerson

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

In the past 15 years, there has been steady growth in work relating to the microbial iron cycle. It is now well established that in anaerobic environments coupling of organic matter utilization to Fe reduction is a major pathway for anaerobic respiration. In iron-rich circumneutral environments that exist at oxic-anoxic boundaries, significant progress has been made in demonstrating that unique groups of microbes can grow either aerobically or anaerobically using Fe as a primary energy source. Likewise, in high iron acidic environments, progress has been made in the study of communities of microbes that oxidize iron, and in understanding the details of how certain of these organisms gain energy from Fe-oxidation. On the iron scarcity side, it is now appreciated that in large areas of the open ocean Fe is a key limiting nutrient; thus, a great deal of research is going into understanding the strategies microbial cells, principally phytoplankton, use to acquire iron, and how the iron cycle may impact other nutrient cycles. Finally, due to its abundance, iron has played an important role in the evolution of Earth’s primary biogeochemical cycles through time. The aim of this Research Topic is to gather contributions from scientists working in diverse disciplines who have common interests in iron cycling at the process level, and at the organismal level, both from the perspective of Fe as an energy source, or as a limiting nutrient for primary productivity in the ocean. The range of disciplines may include: geomicrobiologists, microbial ecologists, microbial physiologists, biological oceanographers, and biogeochemists. Articles can be original research, techniques, reviews, or synthesis papers. An overarching goal is to demonstrate the environmental breadth of the iron cycle, and foster understanding between different scientific communities who may not always be aware of one another’s work.

How long is The microbial ferrous wheel: iron cycling in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments?

The microbial ferrous wheel: iron cycling in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments by David Emerson is 217 pages long, and a total of 55,769 words.

This makes it 73% the length of the average book. It also has 68% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read The microbial ferrous wheel: iron cycling in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 5 hours and 4 minutes to read The microbial ferrous wheel: iron cycling in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments aloud.

What Reading Level is The microbial ferrous wheel: iron cycling in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments?

The microbial ferrous wheel: iron cycling in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy The microbial ferrous wheel: iron cycling in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments?

The microbial ferrous wheel: iron cycling in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments by David Emerson is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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