How Long to Read Topological Charge of Optical Vortices

How Long Does it Take to Read Topological Charge of Optical Vortices?

It takes the average reader 5 hours and 22 minutes to read Topological Charge of Optical Vortices by Victor V. Kotlyar

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

This book is devoted to the consideration of unusual laser beams – vortex or singular beams. It contains many numerical examples, which clearly show how the phase of optical vortices changes during propagation in free space, and that the topological charge is preserved. Topological Charge of Optical Vortices shows that the topological charge of an optical vortex is equal to the number of screw dislocations or the number of phase singularities in the beam cross-section. A single approach is used for the entire book: based on M. Berry’s formula. It is shown that phase singularities during beam...

How long is Topological Charge of Optical Vortices?

Topological Charge of Optical Vortices by Victor V. Kotlyar is 321 pages long, and a total of 80,571 words.

This makes it 108% the length of the average book. It also has 98% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Topological Charge of Optical Vortices Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 7 hours and 20 minutes to read Topological Charge of Optical Vortices aloud.

What Reading Level is Topological Charge of Optical Vortices?

Topological Charge of Optical Vortices is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Topological Charge of Optical Vortices?

Topological Charge of Optical Vortices by Victor V. Kotlyar is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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