How Long to Read Cosmic Rays in Magnetospheres of the Earth and other Planets

How Long Does it Take to Read Cosmic Rays in Magnetospheres of the Earth and other Planets?

It takes the average reader 12 hours and 50 minutes to read Cosmic Rays in Magnetospheres of the Earth and other Planets by Lev Dorman

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The problem of cosmic ray (CR) geomagnetic effects came to the fore at the beg- ning of the 1930s after the famous expeditions by J. Clay onboard ship (Slamat) between the Netherlands and Java using an ionization chamber. Many CR la- tude expeditions were organized by the famous scientists and Nobel Laureates R. Millikan and A. Compton. From the obtained latitude curves it follows that CRs cannot be gamma rays (as many scientists thought at that time), but must be charged particles. From measurements of azimuthally geomagnetic effect at that time it also followed that these charged particles must be mostly positive (see Chapter 1, and for more details on the history of the problem see monographs of Irina Dorman, M1981, M1989). The ?rst explanations of obtained results were based on the simple dipole - proximation of the geomagnetic ?eld and the theory of energetic charged particles moving in dipole magnetic ?elds, developed in 1907 by C. Stormer ̈ to explain the aurora phenomenon. Let us note that it was made about 5 years before V. Hess discovered CRs, and received the Nobel Prize in 1936 together with K. Anderson (for the discovery of CR and positrons in CR).

How long is Cosmic Rays in Magnetospheres of the Earth and other Planets?

Cosmic Rays in Magnetospheres of the Earth and other Planets by Lev Dorman is 770 pages long, and a total of 192,500 words.

This makes it 260% the length of the average book. It also has 235% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Cosmic Rays in Magnetospheres of the Earth and other Planets Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 17 hours and 31 minutes to read Cosmic Rays in Magnetospheres of the Earth and other Planets aloud.

What Reading Level is Cosmic Rays in Magnetospheres of the Earth and other Planets?

Cosmic Rays in Magnetospheres of the Earth and other Planets is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Cosmic Rays in Magnetospheres of the Earth and other Planets?

Cosmic Rays in Magnetospheres of the Earth and other Planets by Lev Dorman is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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