How Long to Read Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large: An Update Based on Country-Level Estimates

How Long Does it Take to Read Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large: An Update Based on Country-Level Estimates?

It takes the average reader and 40 minutes to read Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large: An Update Based on Country-Level Estimates by Mr.David Coady

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

This paper updates estimates of fossil fuel subsidies, defined as fuel consumption times the gap between existing and efficient prices (i.e., prices warranted by supply costs, environmental costs, and revenue considerations), for 191 countries. Globally, subsidies remained large at $4.7 trillion (6.3 percent of global GDP) in 2015 and are projected at $5.2 trillion (6.5 percent of GDP) in 2017. The largest subsidizers in 2015 were China ($1.4 trillion), United States ($649 billion), Russia ($551 billion), European Union ($289 billion), and India ($209 billion). About three quarters of global subsidies are due to domestic factors—energy pricing reform thus remains largely in countries’ own national interest—while coal and petroleum together account for 85 percent of global subsidies. Efficient fossil fuel pricing in 2015 would have lowered global carbon emissions by 28 percent and fossil fuel air pollution deaths by 46 percent, and increased government revenue by 3.8 percent of GDP.

How long is Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large: An Update Based on Country-Level Estimates?

Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large: An Update Based on Country-Level Estimates by Mr.David Coady is 39 pages long, and a total of 10,101 words.

This makes it 13% the length of the average book. It also has 12% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large: An Update Based on Country-Level Estimates Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 55 minutes to read Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large: An Update Based on Country-Level Estimates aloud.

What Reading Level is Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large: An Update Based on Country-Level Estimates?

Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large: An Update Based on Country-Level Estimates is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large: An Update Based on Country-Level Estimates?

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