How Long to Read Nonpolluting Composites Repair and Remanufacturing for Military Applications

How Long Does it Take to Read Nonpolluting Composites Repair and Remanufacturing for Military Applications?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 32 minutes to read Nonpolluting Composites Repair and Remanufacturing for Military Applications by Bruce K. Fink

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Polymer-matrix composite material and structural adhesive repair and manufacturing have significant environmental costs. These costs were recently documented based on current and anticipated future Department of Defense (DOD) use of these materials. The principal issues for reducing the environmental impact and its associated cost are (1) reduction in hazardous waste by eliminating shelf-life limitations, (2) reduction in nitrogen oxides by replacing global heating of the part with localized heating, (3) reduction in volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions by accelerated curing and containment, and (4) reduction in hazardous waste by minimizing production debris through processing step management. The predicted reduction in hazardous waste, which affects both raw materials and waste-disposal costs, is 78% for composite materials and 95% for adhesives. Nitrogen oxides and VOC emissions can be reduced by 100% and 50% by replacing autoclave curing with radiation curing. Electron-beam (E-beam) curing has successfully been applied to E-beam-curable prepegs, adhesives, and vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) resins while maintaining process-specific viscosities and application-specific thermal performance. For the first time, there is credible evidence that E-beam-curable resin systems can be formulated to have sufficient toughness while maintaining other required process and performance criteria. In this work, both free radically and cationically cured E-beam resin systems have been formulated.

How long is Nonpolluting Composites Repair and Remanufacturing for Military Applications?

Nonpolluting Composites Repair and Remanufacturing for Military Applications by Bruce K. Fink is 89 pages long, and a total of 23,051 words.

This makes it 30% the length of the average book. It also has 28% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Nonpolluting Composites Repair and Remanufacturing for Military Applications Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 2 hours and 5 minutes to read Nonpolluting Composites Repair and Remanufacturing for Military Applications aloud.

What Reading Level is Nonpolluting Composites Repair and Remanufacturing for Military Applications?

Nonpolluting Composites Repair and Remanufacturing for Military Applications is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Nonpolluting Composites Repair and Remanufacturing for Military Applications?

Nonpolluting Composites Repair and Remanufacturing for Military Applications by Bruce K. Fink is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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